Caring for a loved one with dementia means caring for them every moment of every day. Throughout the process, you may notice that they display certain feelings and attitudes during the second half of the 24 hours. This is called sunset. In this article, we’ll explore what sundowning syndrome is and the symptoms you should be aware of.
Sundown syndrome definition
Sundown syndrome is a set of behaviors that people with dementia display when the sun begins to set, characterized by distress and confusion. More than 55 million people live with dementia, and 10 million new cases of dementia occur every year. Although not everyone with this condition will experience sundowning syndrome, there is a higher likelihood of experiencing these symptoms.
There is little evidence to support the exact reason behind the sunset. Some speculate that it may be the accumulation of sensory stimulation they end up processing at the end of the day, which inevitably overwhelms them. Others believe it may be caused by hormonal imbalances or a dark environment.
sunset example
People with sundown syndrome often experience restlessness and memory loss. Some people move around or even walk away out of sheer unease. Meanwhile, others stay put and act aggressively toward those around them. As the name suggests, these problems usually appear in the late afternoon or early evening.
Another example of sunset is shadow. People with dementia follow their caregivers silently, making sure they are nearby. This behavior often stems from the sadness, anxiety, and fear they are dealing with. Others may even cry and yell to release the emotion.
Living with Sundowning Syndrome
Sundowning syndrome can be overwhelming for the person experiencing it and their caregivers. However, because these behaviors tend to occur at specific times of the day, you can be better prepared to care for your loved one.
Try to assess what triggered their sudden reaction at sunset. For some, late-night confusion may stem from negative experiences earlier in the day or from being indoors for too long. You can record details in a care diary to keep track of their experiences and needs. Once you notice what irritates them, act accordingly.
How to Prevent or Control Sundowning Syndrome
Sundowning syndrome is a troublesome set of symptoms that can affect your loved one’s physical and mental health. However, there are ways to promote brain health and help prevent or control this phenomenon.
1. Develop good eating habits
Pay special attention to the food your loved one eats. A balanced diet is crucial. Prioritize foods such as fatty fish, shellfish and nuts. They contain high amounts of omega-3 fatty acids, which have a variety of neuroprotective effects and help prevent dementia and sundown. Antioxidants in fresh fruits and vegetables also strengthen the mind and body.
2. Ensure proper hydration
Dehydration often makes sundowning worse, so it’s important to make sure your loved one drinks enough water. Carry a large water bottle with you. If a person is prone to sunburn and wants to drink caffeinated beverages such as coffee or tea, make sure to consume them in the morning. Rinse later with more water.
3. Sufficient sunlight
Some people believe that darker surroundings may trigger sunsets, so allow your loved one to enjoy as much daylight as possible. Schedule outdoor activities throughout the morning to get daily sunlight. About 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week can boost brain health in the long run. Just avoid over-scheduling to prevent overstimulation.
4. Rest after sunset
Sundowning can also stem from an inability to process the memories and emotions of the day. Clear their evening schedule to make sure they get enough rest. You should also always stay close to them as a guarantee unless they say otherwise. Encourage them to sleep and rest during the day.
5. Create a soothing environment
People with sundowning syndrome may feel more agitated in foreign environments. Prepare a well-lit and familiar space that they can find soothing. Add photos of family and friends or place their favorite books near them. You can also play their favorite music to relax them as the sun sets.
Sunset Watching Syndrome
Understanding sundown syndrome can help you provide better care for your loved one with dementia. When these symptoms begin to appear, show patience and love later in the day.
